Foreign policy that is aimed aimed at controlling foreign trade by holding colonies and defending them against other foreign powers is: imperialism
Imperialism refers to the view that a country should dominate others in a certain way in order increase its power. Controlling foreign trades by holding colonies is a form of political and economical domination that was popular among Empires in Europe.
Most famous of the governors, Peter Stuyvesant, was also the most headstrong and shortsighted.… …of the Dutch period was Peter Stuyvesant, director general of New Netherland in 1647–64. In 1658 Peter Stuyvesant, Dutch governor of New Netherland, established the settlement of Nieuw Haarlem
The answer to this question is D. Have relatively short histories.
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I am not completely sure but would it be answer number 4? Sorry if I am wrong, it just makes more since to me.