The western toad belongs to the large toad specie. It is between 2.2 inches to 5.1 inches long. Its scientific name is Anaxyrus boreas. Its dorsal stripe is either white or cream in color. It has no cranial crest. Skin color is either greenish or dusky gray. A distinguishing feature are the oval parotoid glands found behind the eyes. The western toad can be found in desert streams and springs, wet or dry mountain meadows and ponds or open water for breeding.
A hydrogen bond is formed when a positively polarized hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to a highly electronegative atom in another molecule. In the example of water molecules, the negatively charged oxygen atom in one water molecule attracts the positively charged hydrogen atom in another water molecule. Oxygen atoms tend to steal electrons away from the hydrogen atoms within molecules. When this occurs within a water molecule, the electron loss creates a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge, which is then attracted to a negatively charged oxygen atom in another water molecule.
The hydrogen bonds that form between water molecules cause them to stick together. This gives water a high boiling point temperature because a greater degree of heat energy is required to break the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Many organic substances that are required to sustain life, such as nucleic acids and proteins, contain hydrogen bonds. Although these bonds are weaker than the internal ionic or covalent bonds existing between the atoms within molecules, the accumulated strength of hydrogen bonds within living organisms is highly significant and plays an important role in maintaining stability.
Salivary amylase
Explanation:
In the tongue, salivary amylase is the first enzyme to mix with food in the digestive tract. It is the primary enzyme of saliva. Salivary amylase is secreted from the salivary glands (mainly parotid glands) in the buccal cavity.
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