Approximately 75% of the world's cotton supply came from the southern United States.
Cotton is best grown in the American South because of its long, hot summers and excellent soils in river valleys. 75% of the world's cotton was produced by Southern plantations by 1860, with shipments coming from cities like Houston, New Orleans, Charleston, Mobile, Savannah, and a few other countries.
Purchases from Europe and New England increased dramatically, from 720,000 bales in 1830 to 2.85 million in 1850 to over 5 million in 1860. After the tobacco market collapsed in the late 18th century, the manufacturing of cotton incentive to take in slavery. More slaves were required to harvest the crop as more cotton was grown. On the eve of the American Civil War in 1860, cotton made up about 60% of all exports from the United States, with an annual value of close to $200 million.
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