Question

What is the equivalent of latitude on a celestial sphere

Answer 1

The celestial equivalent of latitude is called declination and is measured in degrees North (positive numbers) or South (negative numbers) of the Celestial Equator. The celestial equivalent of longitude is called right ascension.

The Celestial Sphere :

   North Celestial Pole (NCP) and the South Celestial Pole (SCP) - these are just the north and south poles extended into space.

   Celestial Equator - The earth's equator, but at a much greater radius. ...

   Horizon - The horizon changes depending on your position on earth.

I hope this helps