Question

(b) dy/dx = (x - y+ 1)^2

Answer 1

Substitute $v(x)=x-y(x)+1$, so that

$\dfrac{\mathrm dv}{\mathrm dx}=1-\dfrac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm dx}$

Then the resulting ODE in $v(x)$ is separable, with

$1-\dfrac{\mathrm dv}{\mathrm dx}=v^2\implies\dfrac{\mathrm dv}{1-v^2}=\mathrm dx$

On the left, we can split into partial fractions:

$\dfrac12\left(\dfrac1{1-v}+\dfrac1{1+v}\right)\mathrm dv=\mathrm dx$

Integrating both sides gives

$\dfrac{\ln|1-v|+\ln|1+v|}2=x+C$

$\dfrac12\ln|1-v^2|=x+C$

$1-v^2=e^{2x+C}$

$v=\pm\sqrt{1-Ce^{2x}}$

Now solve for $y(x)$:

$x-y+1=\pm\sqrt{1-Ce^{2x}}$

$\boxed{y=x+1\pm\sqrt{1-Ce^{2x}}}$