When a document repository is down when you attempt to access it, the ISA principle Authentication is being violated. The authentication method is done during the log on phase and is performed by the ISA server which requests certificate. <span>The client then needs to send the appropriate client certificate to the server in order to be authenticated and to have access to the document.</span>
Answer on https://pastebin.com/raw/nHzXvbPP
Answer:
Many network and communication protocols require bit stuffing for the following purposes: to avoid the interpretation of data as control information. For example, with six consecutive 1 bits, X.25 uses the bit stuffing,signal the beginning and end of a frame.
High-level Data link control (HDLC) is a bit-oriented protocol for point-to-point and multi-point communication.P/F bits are present in HDLC control field.
So,Yes bit stuffing is necessary in control field.
Answer:
Physical layer is the first layer of OSI model. The detail about physical layer and its parts is given below in explanation section.
Explanation:
The physical layer is the lowest and first layer of the Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI). The physical layer is used for the transmission of data in bit forms. For transmission of data between devices, it uses the transmission medium that is either wired or wireless.
In the wired cable the component of the psychical layer include cable and connectors that are implemented for carrying data from one place to another or simply to transmit data between two connected devices. The wireless transmission medium is used to transmit data in the form of electromagnetic signals for carrying data into a stream of bits. Over past advancements in networking technologies, rapid growth has been seen in wireless data transmission and Wi-Fi and Bluetooth communication are few names of it.
Components/Parts of Psychical Layer
In the physical layer, the hardware components used it in are the network interface cards, connectors and interfaces, intermediate devices, modems, and cables to facilitate the transmission of data between devices or from source to destination.
- The network interface card (NIC)
NIC is a component installed in the computer to connect it to any available devices over the network.
- Connectors and Interfaces
Connectors and interfaces are used to connect cables that are being used for transmission of data from one source to another. The decision to choose connectors and interfaces depends on the type of cable. Typical examples are RJ-45, RJ-11, V.35, HDMI, etc.
Cables are the physical components of the physical layer that carry optic or electromagnetic signals for transmission of data from source to destination in the network.
The intermediate devices are hubs and repeaters etc. The functions of these devices are to amplify or generate the signal at the intermediate point in a network.
Answer:
Explanation:
Determine if the following identifiers are valid. If they are invalid, state the reason. For example, the identifier min value is invalid as it uses a whitespace.
road
mid_point
8ball
break
_log_value
EVERY1
[email protected]
_log
NewNumber
$varA
class
