Question

__________ conditioning focuses on the natural biological responses to the presence of a stimulus such as food, water, or pain, whereas __________ conditioning applies to voluntary responses, which an organism performs deliberately to produce a desirable outcome.

Answer 1

The first conditioning is the classical  conditioning and it can be  explained on an example of a dog that is producing saliva when it knows that it will be fed. 

 the second kind of conditioning is the operant conditioning. An example of an operant conditioning is a dog learning to open a box after it witnessed a ball being placed in it.