Question

Who would have argued that we do not need to directly be reinforced or punished to learn? 

Answer 1

Answer: d. Albert Bandura

Albert Bandura believe that we do not need to directly be reinforced or punished to learn for we are likely imitate those people similar to us. If a child imitates a model’s behavior and the consequences are rewarding, the child is likely to continue performing the behavior and her behavior has been reinforced without punishment needed.

Moreover, a child will behave in a way which it believes will earn approval to her/his parents because a child desires approval and will also take into account of what happens to other people when deciding whether or not to copy someone’s action.