1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Nesterboy [21]
3 years ago
14

Based on the definitions of pharmacophore and privileged structure, outline essential structural features a 1,4-dihyrdopyridine

must possess for effective Ca2+ channel blocking capability. (ex. functional groups, presence of electron-donating or electron-withdrawing moieties) 2. Why are the products of today's lab (dimethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate and diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate) ineffective in this regard?
Biology
1 answer:
stiv31 [10]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Explanation:

Pharmacophore (pharmacology) - The molecular framework responsible for a drug's biological activity. According to IUPAC — A pharmacophore is the ensemble of steric and electronic features that is necessary to ensure the optimal supramolecular interactions with a specific biological target structure and to trigger (or to block) its biological response.

Privileged structures are defined as molecular frameworks which are able of providing useful ligands for more than one type of receptor or enzyme target by judicious structural modifications.

1) The 1,4-dihydropyridine ring is present in many biologically important molecules that acts as an important scaffold for cardiovascular drug - a calcium antagonists and although it is technically not considered as a pharmacophore, it is considered as a privileged structure.

1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP), belongs to the class of calcium antagonist that inhibits the influx of extracellular Ca+2 through the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels.

A positional substitution in the 4-position is feasible in the heterocyclic ring which in turn culminates in various calcium channel antagonist activities and this heterocyclic ring is the common feature for various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic activity,

antihypertensive, antianginal, antitumor, antitubercular activity and antithrombotic .

Position on the heterocyclic ring binds to the L-type channel and also to N-type channel on membranes.

2.) The bioisosteres are not a suitable bioisostere for the traditional C-4 aryl or heteroaryl substitution which is necessary for calcium ion blockage thereby inhibiting it to function with the mechanism shared above.

You might be interested in
As the moon revolves around Earth, it appears to change shape. The moon goes through phases during a period that lasts about one
lorasvet [3.4K]

Answer:

The correct answer is - the reflected light of sunlight changes as it moves around the earth.

Explanation:

The moon appears to change its shape during the revolving around the earth. This change in the shape of the moon takes place due to the fact that the moon does not have its own light and it reflects light from back to us on the earth.

The moon changes its shape on the basis of how much-reflected light or moon we can see and how much of the moon is facing the sun.

The correct answer is - the reflected light of sunlight changes as it moves around the earth.

8 0
3 years ago
Imagine that there is a mutation in the cyclin gene such that its gene product is nonfunctional. What kind of effect would this
Daniel [21]

Answer:

The correct answer is - The cell would be unable to produce.

Explanation:

Cyclin is a protein that helps in cell division to complete the various stages. It has an essential function, however, cyclin does not play role in enzymatic reactions bit bind with cyclin-dependent kinase enzyme they form maturation promoting factors which can phosphorylate specific proteins and result in many different stages of the cell cycle.

Mutation in cyclin gene that did not allow to produce cyclin protein will cease the cell cycle and there would be no future daughter cell and the cell would not be able to produce.

5 0
3 years ago
What structure is made up of microfilaments and microtubules and provide structure to the cell?
son4ous [18]
Microtubules, microfilaments & intermediate filaments. The cytoskeleton is unique to eukaryotic cells. It is a dynamic three-dimensional structure that fills the cytoplasm. This structure acts as both muscle and skeleton, for movement and stability.
5 0
3 years ago
Which statements explain the relationship belween photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Check all that apply
Sedaia [141]

Answer: The third and fifth statements are true. Oxygen released from photosynthesis is breathed in by animals to break down glucose, and the carbon dioxide released by animals is used to build glucose in photosynthesis.

Explanation: Oxygen and glucose are the reactants for cellular respiration in animals. Oxygen is breathed in through the air, which is produced by plants. When the process of cellular respiration is complete, animals breathe out carbon dioxide as a product, which plants need to perform photosynthesis. Plants perform photosynthesis and send oxygen into the environment. The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration in animals, and vice versa, but the reactants and products are not the same.

6 0
2 years ago
the area around a cell has a high concentration of sodium ions. as a result the cell membrane starts to expand and finally burst
Studentka2010 [4]
The cell is hypotonic, when the cell over-expands breaks.
6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • Which region of the Sun has a temperature of about 15 million C?
    5·2 answers
  • How do you solve: 6/x+3 = 3/5<br><br>*Ment to be in geometry but I am dumb
    15·2 answers
  • What is filled with A enzymes that can break down substances in cells to be used later
    5·1 answer
  • Plant cells __________.
    11·1 answer
  • "A birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus, rather than traveling through the birth canal, is called"
    9·1 answer
  • In normal cells, glucose is broken down aerobically and fed into the citric acid cycle to produce, among other things, lots of A
    15·1 answer
  • PLEASE HELP
    14·1 answer
  • ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST<br><br> No explanation needed, just the answer is fine. Thank you!
    10·1 answer
  • An extracellular fluid concentration imbalance (also known as a water imbalance)
    9·1 answer
  • PLS HURRY ASAP
    8·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!