Cytoskeletal filaments provide the basis for cell movement. For instance, cilia and (eukaryotic) flagella move as a result of microtubules sliding along each other. In fact, cross sections of these tail-like cellular extensions show organized arrays of microtubules.
The cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells is made of filamentous proteins, and it provides mechanical support to the cell and its cytoplasmic constituents. All cytoskeletons consist of three major classes of elements that differ in size and in protein composition.
Microtubules are the largest type of filament, with a diameter of about 25 nanometers (nm), and they are composed of a protein called tubulin. Actin filaments are the smallest type, with a diameter of only about 6 nm, and they are made of a protein called actin. Intermediate filaments, as their name suggests, are mid-sized, with a diameter of about 10 nm. Unlike actin filaments and microtubules, intermediate filaments are constructed from a number of different subunit proteins.
The cytoskeleton is a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.
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The potential concerns with genetic engineering can be some ethical concerns, decrease genetic diversity, and not understanding the full effects of altering DNA. The correct options are 1, 3, and 4.
<h3>What is genetic engineering?</h3>
Genetic engineering (also known as genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter an organism's DNA makeup.
This could entail changing a single base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a region of DNA, or inserting a new segment of DNA.
The potential concerns with genetic engineering can be some ethical concerns, decrease genetic diversity, and not understanding the full effects of altering DNA.
Thus, the correct options are 1, 3, and 4.
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Answer:
option B
Explanation:
igneous rocks are the rocks which are formed by the cooling of molten magma cooling can be on the surface or below the earth surface.
sedimentary surface is the rocks which are formed by the weathering or some chemical action upon the rock due to the passage of time.
metamorphic rocks are those rocks which are formed due to the high pressure and temperature acted on the rocks.
so, the best answer will be sedimentary rock
hence, the correct answer is option B
The correct answer among the choices provided is option C. Water helps to maintain the structure, flexibility and motion of proteins. Hydration makes the protein structure more packed and stabilized. It is because water is included in many networks of hydrogen bonds.
