The rigid layers of fungal cell walls contain polysaccharides called chitin and glucans. The wall protects the fungus from desiccation and predators. Most fungal hyphae are divided into separate cells by endwalls called septa(e). These tiny holes in the septa allow the rapid flow of nutrients and small molecules from cell to cell along the hypha.
The storage form of carbohydrates is Glycogen in animals and humans in plants. <span>
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Two ways:
1. In prophase I of meiosis the homologous chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs. This switches sections of two of the sister chromatids so the outer two chromatids have the same mix of alleles as the parents and the inner two chromatids have new combinations of alleles.
2. Meiosis puts only one of each kind of chromosome in the gametes, selecting one of each homologous pair at random. Then when each gamete joins with the gamete from the other parent, there are practically infinite combinations of the alleles possible.
