"In the name of God the Merciful and the Compassionate: This is the safe-conduct accorded by the servant of God Umar, the Comman
der of the Faithful, to the people of [Jerusalem). He accords them safe-conduct for their persons, their property, their churches, their crosses, their sound and their sick, and the rest of their worship.... No constraint shall be exercised against them in religion nor shall any harm be done to any among them The people of [Jerusalem] must pay the jizya (required tax on non-Muslims]in the same way as the people of other cities. They must expel the Romans [Byzantine soldiers and officials) and the brigands from the city. Those who leave shall have safe-conduct for their persons and property until they reach safety. Those of the people of [Jerusalem] who wish to remove their persons and effects and depart with the Romans [Byzantines) and abandon their churches and their crosses shall have safe-conduct for their persons, their churches, and their crosses until they reach safety." Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings. "Peace Terms with Jerusalem, 636 C.E.," 10th century 1. Which trait of Islamic rule described in this passage was also evident in Islamic rule in al-Andalus? (A) the persecution of other religions by Islamic leaders (B) the toleration of other religions by Muslims in conquered territory (C) the conflict between Romans and Byzantines over territory (D) the cooperation between Jewish and Muslim leaders in jerusalem
The key ideas were about power and how leaders
specifically princes could seek to gain power and also how they could go about
maintaining power. These ideas helped to influence European rulers
and individuals around the world by promoting this particular type of
leadership and power seeking. Hope this helps, good luck.
A border incident between Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland that December gave Benito Mussolini an excuse to intervene. Rejecting all arbitration offers, the Italians invaded Ethiopia on October 3, 1935.
