Penelope, the weaver, is a literary reference to fidelity.
While Odysseus is absent, Penelope is pretended by several men, who settle in the palace and nastily eat her banquets, while waiting for the queen to choose one of them. To maintain her fidelity, Penelope tells the suitors that she will accept a new husband when she finishes weaving a shroud for King Laertes, on whom she was working. To prolong this task as long as possible, Penelope undoes at night what she weaves during the day, however, a woman betrays her an tell the other men, so she is forced to finish the job. Odysseus returns just in time, killing the suitors .
Edmund Husserl (1859—1938) was an influential thinker of the first half of the twentieth century. His philosophy was heavily influenced by the works of Franz Brentano and Bernard Bolzano, and was also influenced in various ways by interaction with contemporaries such as Alexius Meinong, Kasimir Twardowski, and Gottlob Frege.
Answer:
The best way to paraphrase this excerpt is:
c. Britain has oppressed the colonists in many ways.
Explanation:
According to Thomas Paine in this excerpt, Britain was not only taxing the colonists. It was binding them in "all cases whatsoever", meaning Britain was trying its best to keep colonists under its control through several designs. In other words, Britain's government was oppressing the colonists in such a way that Paine felt it was comparable to slavery. Colonists had no freedom, no choice. As could be expected, such oppression led to rebellion.