Question

Which ideology did Metternich condemn?

Answer 1

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Metternich condemned both nationalism and liberalism as ideologies that threatened the status quo.  Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria was the leading figure in the conservative domination of the period from 1815 to 1848.  The Austrian Empire was made up of many different people groups, so nationalism was a threat to its existence.  If Hungarians and Czechs and other groups within that empire each wanted to form their own independent nation, that would have meant the end to the Austrian Empire.  And liberalism was the ideology of change that Metternich and others had seen threatening all of Europe through the ideas of the French Revolution.  19th century conservatives wanted to put down all such revolutionary change movements and keep the old order in place, with traditional, aristocratic institutions and values.