Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a genetic disorder associated with the Philadelphia chromosome. The Philadelphia chromosome is
a mutation in chromosome 22. Part of chromosome 22 is exchanged with part of chromosome 9, bringing together two genes on chromosome 22 and causing a malignancy. What type of mutation occurs in the Philadelphia chromosome? A: duplication
B: Insertion
C.Inversion
D. substitution
E.translocation
E; translocation, which is a chromosomal rearrangement in which a part of genetic material from one chromosome becomes heritably (genetically) tied to another chromosome.*
Sources: *Definition of "Translocation" (Paraphrase): http://www.dictionary.com/browse/translocation?s=t
The Philadelphia Chromosome: https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4870
The chromosomal disorder CML is caused by reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22, in which rearrangement of chromosomes takes place.
Due to this rearrangement, part of chromosome 9 having ABL1 gene gets fused with part of chromosome 22 having BCR gene and resulting chromosome is known as Philadelphia chromosome.
ABL1-BCR fusion gene represents an oncogene that codes for a mutated protein that leads to unregulated cell division and impaired DNA binding and can cause cancer.
