Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a genetic disorder associated with the Philadelphia chromosome. The Philadelphia chromosome is
a mutation in chromosome 22. Part of chromosome 22 is exchanged with part of chromosome 9, bringing together two genes on chromosome 22 and causing a malignancy. What type of mutation occurs in the Philadelphia chromosome? A: duplication
B: Insertion
C.Inversion
D. substitution
E.translocation
E; translocation, which is a chromosomal rearrangement in which a part of genetic material from one chromosome becomes heritably (genetically) tied to another chromosome.*
Sources: *Definition of "Translocation" (Paraphrase): http://www.dictionary.com/browse/translocation?s=t
The Philadelphia Chromosome: https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4870
The chromosomal disorder CML is caused by reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22, in which rearrangement of chromosomes takes place.
Due to this rearrangement, part of chromosome 9 having ABL1 gene gets fused with part of chromosome 22 having BCR gene and resulting chromosome is known as Philadelphia chromosome.
ABL1-BCR fusion gene represents an oncogene that codes for a mutated protein that leads to unregulated cell division and impaired DNA binding and can cause cancer.
The normal form of the prion protein PrP (shown here) is found on the surface of nerve cells, but when it changes into its misfolded form, it aggregates into long fibrils that clog up the normal functioning of the brain.
Every cell has a selective permeable membrane in which smaller molecules can pass whereas bigger molecules stays outside the cell which can be seen in the cell with the use of microscope because it only occurs inside the cell. The movement of ions or molecules in the cell through a semi permeable membrane is called Osmosis. The movement of ions or molecules sometime needs energy we called it active transport and sometimes it moves without the use of energy is known as passive transport.
