the Legislative branch (specifically the Senate) must ratify treaties. This check on the power of President is part of the system of checks and balances.
A drawing by Leonardo Davinci
By the bombing of Tokyo, you mean the Doolittle raid then yes, It was a much-needed morale booster.
Both contributed to the scientific revolution and went against the ideals of the church
newton created the three laws of motion and believed in gravity
galilei helped prove that everything in our solar system goes around the sun
i hope this helps!