Answer:
SAM and HPA
Explanation:
The physiology of stress has two components. One in which is a fast response meditated by the SAM axis, and one which is a slow response meditated by the HPA axis.
Answer:
Option B, Transcription that originates at the core promoter and +1 site
Explanation:
In basal transcription process a special class of transcription factors which are nothing but the protein that binds to specific sites on DNA (which are also known as promoter sites) with an objective of activating transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA , specifically messenger RNA. The transcription initiation requires association at promoter site(or regions of DNA that are found in the upstream of the coding region of a gene) along with a σ sub unit
Hence, option B is correct
Answer:
Given the current environment in most developed countries, it is a challenge to maintain a good balance between calories consumed and calories burned, although maintenance of metabolic balance is key to good health. Therefore, understanding how metabolic regulation is achieved and how the dysregulation of metabolism affects health is an area of intense research. Most studies are focused on the hypothalamus, which is a brain area that acts as a key regulator of metabolism. Among the nuclei that comprise the hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus is one of the major mediators in the regulation of food intake. The regulation of energy balance is also a key factor to ensure the maintenance of any species because of the dependence of reproduction on energy stores. Adequate levels of energy reserves are necessary for proper functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review discusses valuable data presented in the 2015 edition of the International Workshop of Neuroendocrinology concerning the fundamental nature of the hormonal regulation of the hypothalamus and the impact on energy balance and reproduction.
Explanation:
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Antigens are usually proteins, peptides (amino acid chains) and polysaccharides (chains of monosaccharides/simple sugars) but lipids and nucleic acids become antigens only when combined with proteins and polysaccharides.
Answer:
MOUTH:
- Food becomes moist
- Food is cut into pieces
- Food is squeezed
STOMACH:
- Proteins are broken down
- Food is mixed with acid
- Carbohydrates are broken down
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Explanation:
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