In the food chain, the primary consumer is fly which eats the fruits. The fruit is formed from the green plants which are the producers. The food is coming from the tree and it contains seed which germinates to form the tree again. In this way, fruits are the product of producers which is consumed by the primary consumer like the fly. The spider is the secondary consumer which is being eaten by the birds. When the bird dies its body decomposed by microbial activities and the energy produced by this decomposition process enters into the atmosphere. Thus this energy transformation occurs in the food chain of the ecosystem.
A Bottleneck effect is the sharp reduction of numbers of a population through environmental effects or human activity. It causes a loss of the genetic pool and its variety; genetic variation lowers and increases with time as random mutations occur.
The first note is a half note that is (2 beats). The second note is an 8th note (1/2 a beat). The 3rd note is a whole note (4 beats). The last note is a quarter note so (1 beat).
