Sumer, the Akkadian, and the Babylonian
The main reason why the Roman government began the "bread and circuses" program is because the Roman Republic had just transformed into an empire and they didn't want any revolts from the populous, so they wanted to keep everyone happy and entertained.
Well assuming you mean America, and not considering Civil War, I would say the draft of the Constitution Thomas Jefferson want to make slavery illegal, but he needed the southern states approval.
The correct answer is A. Isolationism.
Isolationism is a foreign policy strategy that asserts to not intervene in foreign affairs that do not imply a real threat to the country. This policy limits the participation of a particular state in the international arena in order to avoid unnecessary conflicts or undesirable political, economic, or cultural influences. Different countries have taken Isolationism as a main foreign policy throughout history, like China during the Ming dynasty in the 15th century and the US during the 19th century.