The event you're describing is called the Ra pe of Nanking. It happened in 1937. Around 50,000 innocent Chinese people were killed by Japanese troops.
The phenomenon that triangular trade most directly encouraged was slavery. The first part of the triangle was the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by Europeans wishing to sell their products. With the money obtained the europeans would buy slaves; sometimes they would just trade the products they brought directly for slaves. The same european ships would then sail to America to sell the slaves as plantation labourers. With the money obtained the europeans bought raw products like cotton and took them to Europe for further processing. The complete cycle took like a year.
It would be D. the new territories acquired fueled a violent debate over the extension of slavery into these territories
hope this helps!
The Egyptians failed to adapt to the new changes of their world. There are multiple books on this and it is very interesting.