A) In classical conditioning, we need the toddler (US) to discontinue running across a street (UR) by associating it with something unpleasant.
During conditioning, we can use shouting as a neutral stimulus. (NS) Every time the toddler approaches the street (US) it will be associated with yelling. The toddler will then respond to the yelling with fear. (UR)
After conditioning, the toddler will associate crossing the street with fear, without the presence of yelling. (CR)
This method has been proved to generate phobias.
B) When it comes to removing a phobia, it may require <em>systematic desensitization</em>, a type a behavioral therapy based off of classical conditioning. It aims to remove fear (UR)
When the child sees the dog (US) the child is fearful (UR) so we would need relaxation techniques. For example, sweets can be used as a positive reinforcement. (NS)
During conditioning, every time the child is placed with a friendly dog, the child is rewarded with sweets. With enough repetition, the child will willing interact with the dog; play time is the conditioned stimulus, and sense of well-being is the conditioned response.
Answer:
The Middle Ages was a dark phase while the Renaissance was a intelectual and cultural movement
Answer:
Ancient civilizations based a large part of their economy and their subsistence on trade and exchange of goods. Thus, they were guided by a very simple premise: they traded what they had left over, to obtain in exchange what they lacked. For example, if a civilization overproduced wheat, it could trade that surplus for goods it did not have, such as animals. In this way, all civilizations covered their needs without the obligation to procure them all by their own hand.
Answer: Birth rate is the amount of births in a certain amount of time in a certain country. For example, if there are 1000 births every 5 minutes, that is a birth rate. An increasing birth rate would be one that is growing all the time, and it would increase population because as the birth rate is growing, more people are born, and there are more people in the population.
