The Federalist Party had been declining in popularity for several years before the War of 1812, which they opposed. After the war, many citizens viewed them as being unpatriotic, and they lost their last remaining strands of support.
The first one let me know if you need help
The communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and by Friedrich Engels- Engels is the person you were looking for!
There is some discussion about the role of both authors in writing it, and some people suggest that Karl Marx did most of the work, with Engels having a smaller role.
When reading a graduated cylinder, a proper way to do it is to read at the level of the lower or upper meniscus. It is the curve formed at the upper part of a particular liquid that is close the surface of its container. This is caused by the surface tension. It can be in a concave or convex form depending on the characteristics of the liquid. It is important especially in performing laboratory experiments as it indicates the true level of the liquid in the container. When reading from apparatus, the lower meniscus or the upper meniscus is taken as the correct reading otherwise you would record a wrong data.
