Answer:The time was ripe for the philosophes, scholars who promoted democracy and justice through discussions of individual liberty and equality. The ideas of 18th-century philosophes inspired the Founding Fathers to revolt against what they perceived as unfair British taxation.
If by South Africa you are referring to the Republic of South Africa, then their transition to Democracy was a bit rocky. It was a part of the British empire before they gained their independence as a free republic. This free republic however was not a democratic one due to things like apartheid rules where a minority of rich people who were mostly white controlled the government at the expense of the local African majority. As the fight for democracy continued many things started coming up like huge unemployment and infringement of human rights. Apartheid ended and currently the country is a democracy with suffrage, but there is evidence of high corruption among the government employees and the administration. Expand those ideas into an entire essay.
Probably eastern and southern Europe a lot of immigrants facing persecution. Ex Jews and Italians
Slavery is what they suffered from but also oppression and racism
