Demosthenes was a proud Greek who disliked the Macedonians as a nation, but he also hated the Macedonian people and everyone who lived on that geographical area. What Demosthenes wanted for the city-states was that they would rise up against them - this they eventually did too, so the answer would be; yes, they followed his "advice".
This is of course a very complex question that does not have a definitive answer, but 1850s would be a good decade to start counting as "Modern". This was a decade of the telegraph and Darwin's The Origin of Species.
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Chemiosmosis is the term used to describe the process of producing atp via a proton gradient.
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What is a proton?</h3>
The subatomic particle known as a proton has a fixed mass of one and a charge of one (positive charge). Protons are represented by the symbols p or p+. Every atom has protons in its nucleus. The atomic number of an element is determined by how many protons it has.
The atomic nucleus contains both protons and neutrons, which are collectively referred to as nucleons. Protons repel one another due to their positive electrical charge, but when protons and neutrons are sufficiently close to one another, electrostatic attraction is overcome by the strong nuclear force. They can unite because of this. Hadrons include protons and neutrons. Quarks are even smaller subatomic particles that make up a proton. Three quarks make up one proton.
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