Neurotransmitters can affect postsynaptic cells by causing molecular changes in the cells.
The term "chemical messengers of the body" is frequently used to describe neurotransmitters. The nervous system uses these molecules to send information between neurons or from neurons to muscles. A neurotransmitter influences a neuron in one of three ways: excitatory, inhibitory or modulatory.
When a stimulus is potent enough, the chemical messenger neurotransmitter is transferred into the nerve impulse. If it is powerful enough, it will reach the postsynaptic cell and affect the structure of the neuron. And when signal transduction happens, everything mentioned above is completed.
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The correct answer is: b. It is free to bind to another promoter and begin transcription
Transcription is the first step of gene expression in which DNA molecule is copied (transcribed) into RNA (mRNA) by RNA polymerase. The process of transcription is divided into three phases:
1. Initiation
• RNA polymerase with transcriptional factors bind to gene promoter
• RNA polymerase unwinds DNA double helix (transcription bubble is formed)
2. Elongation
• RNA polymerases adds nucleotides complementary to DNA
3. Termination
• RNA polymerase gets to stop codon (transcribes a sequence of DNA known as a terminator)
• Formed complementary RNA strand is released from DNA-RNA complex.
RNA polymerase is also released and can transcribe some other gene by binding to its promotor. RNA polymerase will transcribe just the genes whose products are needed at a particular moment.
The correct answer is D. Without capsids, viruses could not replicate
Explanation:
A viral infection is caused as a virus enters the body and this replicates inside it by using the host's cells. This is possible through the capsid which is an external layer in the virus that provides protection to it and helps the virus replicate because the capsid is essential for the virus to attach and penetrate the host's cells to replicate. According to this, if a drug damages the capsids the virus could not replicate and this should or reduce the infection caused by the virus. Thus, a drug that damages capsids helps treat a viral infection because "without capsids, viruses could not replicate".
Answer:
C
Explanation:
pOH increases from 7 towards 14.
