In photosynthesis, the movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen is proton gradient and is coupled to<u> transfer of </u><u>protons</u>.
Protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane and into the lumen through the electron transport chain (the space inside the thylakoid disk). Protons are simultaneously removed from the stroma by reduction of NADPH and added to the lumen via water splitting (the space outside the thylakoids). Protons are pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen as a result of the electron passing through the first link in the electron transport chain. A fourth protein complex in the thylakoid membrane, ATP synthase, then uses the energy stored in this proton gradient to produce ATP. This protein complex, like the mitochondrial enzyme, links proton flow back across the membrane to the creation of ATP.
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Answer:
Chromosome crossing over in prophase 1 where DNA segments are moved between the homologous pair.
Explanation:
Answer:
The organism belongs to the Protista kingdom as it is unicellular, has cell walls, and has the ability to produce spores.
Explanation:
Below is a list of organelles that are commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
Organelle: Function
Nucleus: The “brains” of the cell, the nucleus directs cell activities and contains genetic material called chromosomes made of DNA.
Mitochondria: Make energy out of food
Ribosomes: Make protein
Golgi Apparatus: Make, process and package proteins
Lysosome: Contains digestive enzymes to help break food down
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Called the "intracellular highway" because it is for transporting all sorts of items around the cell.
Vacuole: Used for storage, vacuoles usually contain water or food. (Are you are thirsty? Perhaps your vacuoles need some water!)
Plant cells also have:
Chloroplasts: Use sunlight to create food by photosynthesis
Cell Wall: For support
