IT would be E All of the options are correct.
Peter the Great established St. Petersburg, his window on the west. He spread his ideas of westernization, and expanded the country.
He also established beard laws, you had to pay a tax in order to keep your beard (not necessarily positive though)
The Ironclad Oath was an oath promoted by Radical Republicans and opposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. The Republicans intended to prevent political activity of ex-Confederate soldiers and supporters by requiring all voters and officials to swear they had never supported the Confederacy. Lincoln's reconstructive policy toward the South was lenient because he wanted to popularize his Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln feared that compelling enforcement of the proclamation could lead to the defeat of the Republican Party in the election.
Peasants generally suffer during the war. They produce food, which is then seized by soldiers (who believe they have the right to it) as soldiers themselves don't produce food. Also, as soldiers pass through villages, they often are violent and steal and destroy. In fact, some armies were very popular simply because they didn't do it!
