Political corruption
Government jobs were being given out based on favors and deals for votes. Unqualified people were working in government jobs and often the corrupt deals led to more corruption.
The bosses and the system created by the bosses were the source of much of the corruption. City bosses gained votes for a political party in return for government jobs under the party's administration. Government jobs were good paying and were circling in the same groups of people.
The correct answer is letter A.
Labor Union is a stable and permanent association of both urban-industrial, rural and service workers, who come together from the realization and resolution of common problems and needs.
The main mechanism by which this might have or could have happened is through increases in the desire to increase monetary gain. Because the main driver of capitalism is an increase in sold goods when a country increases its land this inadvertenly makes the country more likely to earn more money through opening companies, etc.