The high technology in the ships of the Portuguese gave them an advantage over other countries, becoming the most powerful navigators during those two centuries. Portuguese trading focused mainly on obtaining gold, ivory, and pepper; but in addition to these products, so prized in Europe, it is estimated that more than 175,000 slaves were also carried on Portuguese ships to Europe and the Americas in the greatest migration of people during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
3. Selling religious positions for money
International trade enables specialization, which brings increased efficiency and greater competition to spur the market.
This happens because Specialization would make each nation to focus on producing certain type of products in which they would gain a competitive advantage towards other (either because they had the necessary materials sources or labor qualities) and would create better and cheaper product in the market.
Describing the struggles of the urban poor.
