According to the U.S. Constitution, the president serve a four-year term with a limit of two terms, that would be 8 years or 10 years in the case that the president serves a two-year term. This could happen if the vice-president took the charge of president after his death. These limits were set by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution.
The three branches of our government are described in the first articles of the United States Constitution and they are the representation of previous ideas about separation of powers acting independently one from each other.
Scarcity is a naturally occurring limitation on a resource that can’t be replenish. A shortage is the short term version of that where the item can be reproduced.