Answer: B- Excellent military leaders
I would say D they appealed to Christians...
With the invention of the printing press the knowledge was made easier to spread which led to greater education and greater social mobility. This also made the Bible accessible to more people. People were looking for more personalized approach to their spiritual needs. It was Martin Luther who made openly challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church by posting his famous thesis against the selling of indulgences. After they branded him a heretic he denied the idea that the Church is a mediator between God and man.
Henry Clay, William H. Crawford, John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson
I believe the answer is: Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates
Aristotle and Plato promote the idea of political system and ethical values that later on develop into a democratic system of government that is used by most countries today.
Socrates on the other hand, believe that democracies had a lot of flaw and only a handful of selected people should be able to make the decision for the society, which is what adopted by countris with absolute monarchies.