The renaissance introduced humanism and started to shift people's mindsets from striving to achieve an ideal life after death to enjoying and making the best of their current life.
Western Germany. That is the answer
Nicolás Maduro is the correct answer
Because they were running low on supplies and other goods were missing so they could survive
The best answer that supports your question is letter B. Europeans wanted to curb the power of the church and the feudal system made it clear that nobles would write local laws, organize courts and collect taxes. I hope you are satisfied with my answer and feel free to ask for more.