A past participle represents a verb that has been completed but is mentioned in the present voice. Because the representatives are being spoken about in the active voice, but the meetings have already happened, a past participle is used. The past tense of 'to hold' is 'held', but adding the 'have' in front of 'held' turns it into a past participle.
"Hold" is present tense
"Holding" is present participle
<span>In the black cat, the image of the hanged cat that is left on the burnt building and the markings that look like a noose on the new cat are repetitive images of death and the murderous deed that the narrator committed. Like the endless beating of the victim's heart in "Tell Tale Heart," the constant reminder of the death of the cat through the images of nooses and cats with one eye remind the narrator of his evil deed. The narrator blames the cat (in his mind melding together the two cats into one evil cat) "whose craft has seduced me into murder."</span>
Juncture should be correct
Correct punctuation (commas): "The students are required to bring their textbooks, pencils, and Zip disks to class." Hope this helps ;)
