<span>political unrest was ongoing under corrupt despots with frequent military coups and violent uprisings
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some of notable despots was Batista and Machado, who seemingly back tracked from earlier promises to withhold democratic values. Batista first was elected president after a new constitution was promulgated in 1940,adhered to the presidential terms before returning to the scene again,failing and staging a coup.
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Confucianism should be the answer. Confucianism had many beliefs about hierarchy of people and was all about respecting your superiors and being respected by your lower ones.
Illegial drug handeling and food stamp fraud
The Enforcement Act of 1870 basically made illegal the voting discrimination that existed on the basis of race. It made illegal the opposition of some government officials to integrate former slaves, mainly African-American in the social and political life.
Turbidity. As your book/question states it is a measurement of cloudiness in water.