Mills..................................
Race and racial inequality have powerfully shaped American history from its beginnings.
Americans like to think of the founding of the American colonies and, later, the United States, as
driven by the quest for freedom – initially, religious liberty and later political and economic
liberty. Yet, from the start, American society was equally founded on brutal forms of
domination, inequality and oppression which involved the absolute denial of freedom for slaves.
This is one of the great paradoxes of American history – how could the ideals of equality and
freedom coexist with slavery? We live with the ramifications of that paradox even today.
In this chapter we will explore the nature of racial inequality in America, both in terms of
its historical variations and contemporary realities. We will begin by clarifying precisely what
we mean by race, racial inequality and racism. We will then briefly examine the ways in which
racism harms many people within racially dominant groups, not just racially oppressed groups. It
might seem a little odd to raise this issue at the beginning of a discussion of racial inequality, for
it is surely the case that racial inequality is more damaging to the lives of people within the
oppressed group. We do this because we feel it is one of the critical complexities of racial
inequality and needs to be part of our understanding even as we focus on the more direct effects
of racism. This will be followed by a more extended discussion of the historical variations in the
forms of racial inequality and oppression in the United States. The chapter will conclude with a
discussion of the empirical realities today and prospects for the future.
This chapter will focus primarily on the experience of racial inequality of African-
Americans, although in the more historical section we will briefly discuss specific forms of racial
oppression of Native-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and Chinese-Americans. This focus on
African-Americans does not imply that the forms of racism to which other racial minorities have
been subjected are any less real. And certainly the nature of racial domination of these other
groups has also stamped the character of contemporary American society.
WHAT IS RACE?
Many people think of races as “natural” categories reflecting important biological differences
across groups of people whose ancestors came from different parts of the world. Since racial
classifications are generally hooked to observable physical differences between people, the
apparent naturalness of race seems obvious to most people. This conception reflects a
fundamental misunderstanding about the nature of racial classifications. Race is a social
category, not a biological one. While racial classifications generally use inherited biological
traits as criteria for classification, nevertheless how those traits are treated and how they are
translated into the categories we call “races” is defined by social conventions, not by biology.
In different times and places racial boundaries are drawn in very different ways. In the
U.S. a person is considered “Black” if they have any African ancestry. This extreme form of
binary racial classification reflects the so-called “one-drop rule” that became the standard system
of racial classification in the U.S. after the Civil War.
They give most of the power to congress, not the leader or the people
Answer:
Resented American control of the Economy ( A )
Explanation:
The Spanish American war was between America and Spain in 1898 in Cuba. this war was part of Cuba's war of independence from the Spanish colonial masters. the United states of America joined the war when there was an internal explosion of the USS Maine in Havana harbor in Cuba territory. this explosion provoked the American Government and also coupled with the struggle for independence been made by the Cubans American decided to help them fight the Spanish.
This war will lead to America acquiring lands/territories in Latin America and western pacific. the ultimate result of the war was the end of the colonial rule by the Spanish in Cuba.
America took control of the Economy of Cuba after helping Cuba gain freedom from the Spanish colonial rule. the workers in Cuba resented this control bitterly.
<h2>Evaluating Today's Political Leaders and Parties</h2>
When it comes to evaluating which political leaders and parties today sound most like Roosevelt and Hoover, it is important to consider the key points of each respective president’s vision. For Roosevelt, the key points were centered around providing support for the American people during times of need and ensuring that all Americans had the opportunity to succeed. Hoover, on the other hand, was focused on maintaining a balanced budget and keeping government interference to a minimum.
In terms of which leaders and parties today sound most like Roosevelt, it is difficult to say as there are many who could potentially fit that bill. However, some names that come to mind include Senators Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren, as well as Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. These leaders have all shown a dedication to fighting for the American people and ensuring that everyone has a fair chance at success. Their policies and rhetoric reflect Roosevelt’s vision in many ways, and it is clear that they would continue to pursue similar goals if given the opportunity.
As for those who sound most like Hoover, there are also many names that come to mind. Some prominent Republicans, such as Senators Mitch McConnell and Lindsey Graham, fit this bill perfectly. They have both been staunch opponents of government intervention and have consistently pushed for a balanced budget. This is very similar to the vision that Hoover had for America, and it is clear that they would continue to pursue these policies if given the opportunity.
It is difficult to say definitively which way America is leaning at the moment. However, it seems fair to say that the country is somewhat evenly split between these two visions. There are many Americans who still believe in the ideals that Roosevelt championed, but there are also many who support the more limited government approach that Hoover favored. With that being said, it is impossible to say definitively which way America will go in the future.
