Answer:
Mandates
Explanation:
Areas of the Middle East and North Africa that were administered by a European power, with a promise and preparation for self-government and future independence were called mandates.
Answer:
The phrase means that European powers should leave the continent, allow Africans to become independent nations and refrain from interfering in their economy. It was a claim similar to the Monroe Doctrine: Africans don't interfere in Europe, Europeans shouldn't interfere with Africa.
Answer: The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although the question is incomplete because it does not provide a specific reference about the author of the letter or any other reference, we can comment on the following.
A primary source is the piece of information that was written by a character or an individual that lived in the moment of the event, was part of the event, or witnessed the event. This individual could have written a letter, or a document -including a book. Or he/she took a photograph. Or was part of an interview. The secondary source includes information from a third person who was not part of the time or event but has found information through other resources. It is the case of an encyclopedia or researchers/historian books.