The best and most correct answer among the choices provided by the first question is the second choice or letter B "He would approve of it because it appeals to the idea of natural law."
On the other hand, the best and most correct answer among the choices provided by the second question is the third choice or letter C "<span>the Department of Homeland Security"</span>
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As Jefferson was the third President and the Federal Court system was designed to have life-time appointments, many of the original holders of Federal judicial posts were held by Federalist appointees who had not yet died in office or resigned.
So, Jefferson found himself waiting for turnover on the bench without much success.