Answer:
P₀ = $59.45
Explanation:
the numbers are missing so I looked for a similar question:
- expected EPS = $2.775
- retain 0% of earnings (years 1 - 2)
- retain 48% of earnings (years 3 - 4)
- then retain 23%
- expected return on new projects = 22.4%
- Re = 10.7%
growth rate = retention rate x return on new projects
g₁ = not given EPS₁ = $2.775
g₂ = 1 x 22.4% = 22.4% EPS₂ = $3.3966
g₃ = 1 x 22.4% = 22.4% EPS₃ = $4.1574
g₄ = 0.48 x 22.4% = 10.752% EPS₄ = $4.6044
g₅ = 0.48 x 22.4% = 10.752% EPS₅ = $5.0995
g₆ = 0.23 x 22.4% = 5.152% EPS₆ = $5.3622
dividend payout ratio expected dividend
year 1 = 0 $0
year 2 = 0 $0
year 3 = 0.52 $2.1618
year 4 = 0.52 $2.3943
year 5 = 0.77 $3.9266
year 6 = 0.77 $4.1289
since the growth rate became constant at year 6, we can find the terminal value for year 5:
terminal value year 5 = $4.1289 / (10.7 - 5.152%) = $74.4214
P₀ = $0/1.07 + $0/1.07² + $2.1618/1.07³ + $2.3943/1.07⁴ + $3.9266/1.07⁵ + $74.4214/1.07⁵ = $0 + $0 + $1.7647 + $1.8266 + $2.7996 + $53.0614 = $59.45
Answer:
The benefits of a High Speed Rail in California:
- It becomes a feasible alternative to air travel, because it can be either cheaper, or even faster, since passengers do not have to spend as much time on a train station as they do on an airport.
- If demand is high enough, state highways can become less congested, because many people who would otherwise travel by car, would take a high speed train instead.
- Because the trains are electric, they are likely to help reduce pollution.
The cons would be:
- We cannot know for sure how many people would take the high speed trains. Demand could not be high enough to justify the cost.
- The line would be very costly.
- It could end up benefit only a small section of the population who would take the trains, or who travel often.
I believe that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks, as can be seen in most countries where high speed lines have been made between large cities. For example, in Spain, the line between Madrid and Barcelona is profitable. The same would likely happen for a line between Los Angeles and San Francisco.
What are the implications of starting a project based on tenuous projections that may or may not come true 10 years from now?
If demand projections are tenous, there is always the possiblity that the high speed line could not be profitable. However, this risk can be lowered if the line is made between highly populated cities.
Could you justify the California high-speed rail project from the perspective of a massive public works initiative?
Yes, a high speed rail would be a project that could massively impact California. The benefits of its operation could outweight the cost.
In other words, what other factors enter into the decision of whether to pursue a high-speed rail project?
As I said before, the most important factor is to construct line between highly populated cities in order to reduce the risk of not having enough demand. It has been demonstrated around the world, in Spain, in Italy, in Japan, in China, that high speed lines that connect very populated regions, can be profitable.
Answer: Government Officials
Explanation: In a command economy, no individuals, business owners & tribal leaders, but the government decides the goods & services for production to be helpful for the country's economy. The government & its officials take a call on -
i. what goods to be produced,
ii. In how much quantity those goods should be produced
iii. at what amount, it will reach the consumers
All productions are controlled & planned by the government, hence it is also called as planned economy.
Answer:
B) Abstraction forms an important part of economic analysis.
Explanation:
Economic abstraction refers to ignoring certain factors while doing economic analysis. Some minor or even important economic details must be assumed when trying to analyze certain situations. That is why economists love to use ceteris paribus (everything else constant). Macroeconomic theory is impossible to prove in a scientific way, only certain microeconomic theories can be tested scientifically. In order to perform macroeconomic analysis, economists must simplify the real world, since economy is too complex and has too many factors that can alter any possible analysis. It is impossible to analyze a nation's economy as a whole since millions of people and businesses make billions of economic decisions very day.
