Fat (lipid) molecules are made up mostly of long chains of carbon atoms.
For a fat molecule to be considered saturated, the carbon chain must have only single bonds between them.
Schematically, they look like -C-C-C-C- ...
If the carbon chain contains one or more double bonds, such as -C=C-C-C, then the given lipid molecule is unsaturated.
If a lipid molecule (fatty acid) contains exactly one double bond in its chain, and the rest are single bonds, it is then called monosaturated. It is a more healthy food source than saturated fats.
Saturated fat are generally solid at room temperatures. Examples include lard, butter, mostly from animal sources. However, coconut oil (solid at room temperatures as well) is a saturated fat.
1) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is thought of as the "molecular currency" for energy transfer within the cell. Function: ATPs are used as the main energy source for metabolic functions. They are consumed by energy-requiring (endothermic) processes and produced by energy-releasing (exothermic) processes in the cell and Cells store energy in the form of ATP; cells make 36 ATP through cellular respiration.
2) Energy is normally stored long term as carbohydrate, in plants the storage polymer is starch whereas in animals the storage polymer is glycogen. Both of these are formed from the monomer alpha-glucose (C6H12O6). When energy is required by the cell, storage polymers are hydrolysed to yield glucose molecules, which are the starting point of respiration, a series of chemical regions yielding ATP, the universal cellular energy release molecule.
D: Where two continental plates are colliding, creating a convergent boundary. One plate slips under the other because of convection currents in the mantle.
