Human activities that contribute to desertification include the expansion and intensive use of agricultural lands, poor irrigation practices, deforestation, and overgrazing.
Answer:
When interest rates are cut, there is an increase both in spending on durables and net exports. Both channels lead to higher aggregate spending and thus higher output.
Explanation:
Q 12. c) independent local governments
The Industrial Revolution began in England because of several reasons. England was advanced technologically, and it had lot of innovators. Also, it had lot of colonies, lot of production of numerous products, and very large market, so it needed something that will speed up and increase the production. The labor force was also in abundance, so the terrain was set for industrialization, and once the steam engine was invented, it all started and rapidly developed.
Q 14. c) Simon Bolivar
Simon Bolivar was not a fighter for abolishing of the slavery. He was a fighter for freedom of thee Spanish colonies. Bolivar was active in Latin America, in what are now the countries of Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Panama. Bolivar was one of the most prominent leaders of the fight for freedom, and he was very successful, with the Spanish troops being pushed out of this region. He had a vision of creating a united, large, strong country in all of the territories that were freed. That didn't came to be though, as such a united nation never formed, but instead it was several separate independent nations.
Q 15. budding Romantic movement
The revolutions of 1830 and 1848 in Europe were caused by several different things. The increasing discontent of the aristocracy was one of those reasons, as the majority of the population was struggling, while few people were controlling the majority of the wealth, and on top of that were treating very badly toward the people. The nationalism also was a big reason, as the people wanted to unit and create strong nations, so that led to revolutions against the ones that were trying to stop this. The liberal spirit was also growing gradually, as the people wanted to have more rights and to enjoy the same things as the wealthier people, and to be treated equally, leading to revolt. The Romantic movement though had nothing to do with the revolutions, as it didn't caused any uprising of this type.
La reconstrucción
Artículo principal: Reconstrucción (Estados Unidos)
Entre 1865 y 1877 tiene lugar el período de la Reconstrucción, el cual se caracterizó por los intentos del gobierno de Washington de sanar las heridas de la guerra. Se modificó la constitución para otorgar libertad y derechos a los negros: A través de la Decimotercera Enmienda se prohibía la esclavitud, la Decimocuarta Enmienda extendía las protecciones legales federales a todos los ciudadanos independientemente de su raza y la Decimoquinta Enmienda abolía las restricciones raciales para votar.16
La Reconstrucción no fue tarea fácil. Los políticos del sur pusieron en marcha las Leyes Jim Crow bajo el principio de Separados pero iguales. Por consiguiente, se estableció la segregación racial en todas las instalaciones públicas. Estas leyes afectaron a casi todas las instalaciones públicas y al transporte, incluidos los vagones de los trenes y autobuses interestatales. Las instalaciones para los afroamericanos y los nativos americanos eran consistentemente inferiores y carecían de fondos suficientes en comparación con las instalaciones para los estadounidenses blancos; a veces, no había instalaciones para los negros1718.
En 1865 se funda el Ku Klux Klan, una organización terrorista supremacista blanca que llevará a cabo violentos ataques contra la comunidad negra, los políticos favorables a la reconstrucción y los Carpetbaggers, los inmigrantes que llegaban al sur desde los estados del norte. Si bien el primer Ku Klux Klan fue disuelto por Ulysses S. Grant, a través del Acta de Derechos Civiles de 1871, el Klan reapareció a comienzos del Siglo XX. Las principales causas que explican el renacimiento de la organización eran la cada vez mayor inmigración, siendo el Klan una organización antisemita y anticatólica, el estreno en 1915 de la película El nacimiento de una nación de D. W. Griffith, la cual idealizaba al primer Ku Klux Klan, y el caso Leo Frank, un judío linchado en 1915 en Georgia tras ser acusado de violación y asesinato. El asesinato de Frank generó una oleada de antisemitismo por todo el país.
