<span>States had to ratify all three Reconstruction amendments.</span>
As a candidate, Carter himself had said he advocated "pardon" (a term he preferred to amnesty). He said, "I do advocate a pardon for draft evaders. ... Now is the time to heal our country after
the Vietnam war. ... I hope to bring about an end to the divisiveness that has occurred
in our country as a result of the Vietnam war."
On his second day in office, President Carter in fact did pardon draft dodgers. This applied only to civilians who evaded the draft. It did not apply to active duty military personnel who went absent without leave (AWOL) or deserted their units during the war.
The effects on their health was that widespread epidemics of viruses broke out like smallpox, tuberculosis, and typhus. This happened because an impact of the industrial revolution was rapid urbanization, which caused villages and towns to swell, overpopulating different places and making them hotbeds of disease and depredation. This was caused by the expanding industry swelling small villages
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President Nixon believed that the <span>president has the privilege of protecting communications</span>
The Aswan High Dam was built to regulate and control the annual flooding of the Nile River in order to protect crops and property from such uncontrolled flooding and to generate electricity. Most of its effects have been positive but several environmental effects are:
- Water-logging: because of the continuous high levels of water, the soil around the area is saturated with water, which prevents oxygenation of the soil that is essential to several plants and crops.
- Salinization of soils: caused by the inability of water-saturated soils to absorb salt, it is toxic to crops and damaging to infrastructures.
- Soil Erosion: it is a consequence of soil salinization as crops die and are unable to hold the soil in place.
There were also other negative effects such as:
- Archeology: two important archeological sites of Ancient Egypt were flooded and covered by the dam waters: the ancient cemetery of Fadrus and the Buhen fort.
- Loss of sediment: the annual flooding carried an enormous amount of sediment that is now trapped within the resulting Lake Nasser. Many of these sediments were used by local industries to manufacture bricks and they lost access to this renewable source of raw materials.
- More expensive and difficult purification of water: because the water does not move as much it is more transparent and allows the sunlight to penetrate deeper. This, combined with the trapped sediments has increased the growth of algae that have proliferated to the point that water purification is more and more expensive due to the necessary removal of this plant.
