1. Proteins are made from subunits called amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids which are responsible for the variation of proteins. Those amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds and form polypeptide chains. According to the polypeptide structure, there are 4 levels in protein structure as primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure.
2. Starch is a type of carbohydrate. Hence, the subunits of starch are sugar molecules which are called as glucose. The elements of glucose are C,H,O. By linking glucose units with 1-4 alpha glycosidic bonds, the polysaccharide chain is formed. Hence, starch is also a polysaccharide<span>.
</span>
3. DNA is made from subunits called nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of deoxyribose, phosphate group and nitrogenous base.
There are two types of nitrogenous base as purines and pyrimidines. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines and
thymine (T) and cytosine (C) can be seen as pyrimidines. Those nucleotides are linked together by sugar phosphate bonds which are formed between 5' phosphate group and 3' -OH group<span>.</span><span>
</span>
Answer:
D. all of the above
Explanation:
Australopithecus (first ape-man): Australopithecus is considered as the connecting link between apes and man as they shared the characteristics of both. The fossil records shows that they appeared around 5 million years ago. <em>Australopithecus africanus</em> was about 1.5 meters high and had human as well as ape like features. It was with bipedal locomotion, omnivorous in their diet and had erect posture. It had human like teeth with small canines and large chewing teeth. The brain was more like an ape with the brain capacity of about 500 cc similar to that of an ape. He lived in caves, had projected brow ridges with no chin. Its believed that <em>Australopithecus africanus</em> gave rise to <em>Homo habilis</em> about 2 million years ago.
The earliest species of Homo genus is <em>Homo habilis</em>. They were skill full man also called as handy man or the tool maker. He had erect posture with bipedal locomotion. The teeth were like modern man. He was skilled and made tools with stones. Slowly with evolution the prognathous face changed to orthognathous in cro magnon (<em>Homo sapiens fossilis</em>).
Answer:
It increases for most species.