Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure. Point mutations change a single nucleotide. Frameshift mutations are additions or deletions of nucleotides that cause a shift in the reading frame.
A. community and abiotic environment
Answer:
I don't really know sorry
Answer:
The correct answer is - temperature, pH, substrate concentration.
Explanation:
Various factors affect the rate of enzymatic reaction such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration, availability of activators or inhibitors in the reactions, and enzyme concentration.
Temperature: Temperature affects the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Like most of the reactions with an increase in temperature rate of enzymatic reaction also rises up to a maximum level and then declines if the temperature continues to increase as enzyme denatures after a particular temperature.
pH: Similar to the temperature pH also increases the rate of reaction up to a maximum level and then declines the rate as every enzyme acts only at an optimum pH range.
Substrate concentration: If the substrate concentration is increased gradually while the concentration enzyme remains constant, the rate of reaction will increase until it reaches a maximum.
