A. is the correct answer.
"Beyond a reasonable doubt" which a legal standard of guilt in Texas was used in criminal cases. It is the standard that should be met by the evidence of the prosecution in a criminal case. This means that there should be no other logical explanation that can be derived from facts not including the fact the suspect or defendant committed such crime.
Oil-based economy refers to the world's dependency on petroleum, natural gas and coal for energy. Electricity, diesel fuel, gasoline and kerosene are only some of the commodities that are provided by oil. However, there are negative effects of the processing to the environment. Combustion of oil by cars yield sulfur oxides, nitric oxides and carbon dioxide that participate in ozone depletion and global warming. Therefore, the more-developed nations are working on better technologies to harness renewable energy for sustainability. These energy refer to solar, hydropower, wind, and tidal resources. As of now, there are problems on the cost of developing and perfecting these technologies to maximize the energy source. Unfortunately, if the world shifts to the clean energy-economy, the less developed countries would have to catch up a great deal. These equipment are quite expensive, so for a time-being, only the more developed countries would participate and earn from it.
Do you have the options? If not I'd say European Imperialism was started by Portugal.