Answer: Willian Penn arrived in Pennsylvania in 1692, a colony of the New World (referring to the ancient name of newly discovered America) when he was granted a royal charter by King Charles II.
Explanation: Pennsylvania is the most successful English colonies. William Penn was a Son of naval admiral and was a friend of King Charles II and his brother Duke of York. he joined a religious group of Quakers who believed that ministers were unnecessary and everyone should act according to their own "Inner Light". They started civil disobedience, they stopped paying taxes and they ware regarded as dangerous to England and Anglican Church. After his father's death, he inherited a debt that Charles II owed to his father, he acquired a Royal charter as a payment of debt and he decided to make his own colony as a safe haven for Quakers. He wrote his own constitution of the colony with three important points:
1) Equality for all
2) Right to Vote
3)Purchase of land.
Religious tolerance was a prominent feature of his colony.
Answer:
Centralization efforts have been successful in European countries because political authority and legislative mandate has been vested in centralized institution- parliament which is responsible for formulating legislature of the country. Members of the parliament whether it be constitutional monarchies or centralized republics perform legislative duties and vote upon bills that have been tabled for resolution.
The centralized form of government in European countries can be generally classified into three main categories- constitutional monarchies, federal republics and centralized republics. In case of constitutional monarchies, political powers of the monarch have been limited and its only main function it to represent the state. The other two forms of government- federal republics and centralized republics differ in the sense that in former regions have greater autonomy in deciding their own affairs regarding finance, allocation of resources etc whereas in latter centralized government has absolute authority over regional matters.
Centralized form of government in Roman Empire was much different as compared ones currently in practice all over Europe because in such government, monarch had the final authority over deciding all matters of the republic and as such institutions such as parliament were merely an extension of the King’s will and were not able to implement or mandate actions as per the wishes of the people. Therefore, although centralized, Roman Empire didn’t fall into category of centralized government that is currently in practice in European nations.
Explanation:
