The U.S. Supreme Court hands down its decision on Sanford v. Dred Scott, a case that intensified national divisions over the issue of slavery.
In 1834, Dred Scott, a slave, had been taken to Illinois, a free state, and then Wisconsin territory, where the Missouri Compromise of 1820 prohibited slavery. Scott lived in Wisconsin with his master, Dr. John Emerson, for several years before returning to Missouri, a slave state. In 1846, after Emerson died, Scott sued his master’s widow for his freedom on the grounds that he had lived as a resident of a free state and territory. He won his suit in a lower court, but the Missouri supreme court reversed the decision. Scott appealed the decision, and as his new master, J.F.A. Sanford, was a resident of New York, a federal court decided to hear the case on the basis of the diversity of state citizenship represented. After a federal district court decided against Scott, the case came on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, which was divided along slavery and antislavery lines; although the Southern justices had a majority.
During the trial, the antislavery justices used the case to defend the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise, which had been repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. The Southern majority responded by ruling on March 6, 1857, that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories. Three of the Southern justices also held that African Americans who were slaves or whose ancestors were slaves were not entitled to the rights of a federal citizen and therefore had no standing in court. These rulings all confirmed that, in the view of the nation’s highest court, under no condition did Dred Scott have the legal right to request his freedom. The Supreme Court’s verdict further inflamed the irrepressible differences in America over the issue of slavery, which in 1861 erupted with the outbreak of the American Civil War.
Answer:
Being a US citizen means, you have the right to live and work in the United States and recieve federal assistance
3000r+1500=500
-1500=-1500
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3000r=-1000
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3000=3000
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r=0.333333
Explanation: Enlightenment ideas inspired both the writers of the Declaration and the American Constitution. Among the most important philosophers of the Enlightenment are John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu, whose ideas directly influenced the writing of the said Declaration and the Constitution.
Namely, Locke's idea of the natural rights of people, which is inherited to them, and that is why all people are equal, is the premise of the Declaration. That is why the government must protect and guarantee these natural rights, namely: the right to life, the right to freedom and the right to property. The property item was amended in the Declaration to the item where that natural right is referred to as the pursuit of personal happiness.
Montesquieu's idea of separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial is what is stated in the American Constitution and what is practice in the American System. This idea was used in some forms in ancient Rome, and Aristotle also mentioned it. Yet this idea, as it is known today, was shaped by Montesquieu, which was directly used about being incorporated into the American Constitution. The idea is that each of the branches of government controls the other two, so that neither has excessive authority, each of the branches can stop some of the decisions of the other branches. This means that the primary goal is democratic form of government in the service of the people.
