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3 years ago

Choose all the true statements about oxidative phosphorylation.

Biology

1 answer:

irga5000 [103]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

A. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

B. The oxidation of NADH provides enough energy to produce three ATP molecules.

Explanation:

Oxidative phosphorylation is the third step of cellular respiration, in which NADH2 or FADH electron carriers are oxidized to produce ATP. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is composed of two processes viz: electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

Either NADH2 or FADH is used as the starting electron carrier. When NADH is used, its oxidation produces enough energy to generate 3 molecules of ATP per molecule while FADH generates 2 ATP molecules.

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3 years ago

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2 years ago

At the molecular level, gene duplication often produces novelty in a lineage. This process provides another evolutionary pathway

alukav5142 [94]

Answer:

Bridgham et al. (2006) showed that the interaction between a steroid hormone (aldosterone-M) and its receptor (mineralocorticoid) evolved by Darwinian gradualism. In this work, the authors demonstrated a primitive affinity between the hormone and its receptor that was initially present in chemically similar but more ancient ligands. This result has implications in understanding the association between gene duplication and the evolution of hormone signaling pathways. For example, in invertebrates, this work reinforces the importance of gene duplication in the existing interaction between paralogous glucocorticoid receptors and their receptor mineralocorticoid genes that were derived from duplication (Thornton 2001).

The publications above cited are the following:

J.T. Bridgham, S.M. Carroll, and J.W. Thornton (2006). Evolution of hormone-receptor complexity by molecular exploitation. Science, 312(5770), 97-101.

JW Thornton. Evolution of vertebrate steroid receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor by ligand exploitation and serial genome expansions, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS), 2001, vol. 98 10 (pg. 5671-5676).

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