Answer:
The options
a. New combinations of genes yielding genotypes of greater fitness
b. Few heterozygotes because of underdominance
c. Frequency-dependent selection, leading to fluctuations in fitness
d. Heterozygotes with greater fitness, owing to overdominance
e. A random assortment of genotypes because of genetic drift
The CORRECT ANSWER IS b.
b. Few heterozygotes because of under dominance
Explanation:
In genetics, underdominance (at times called "negative overdominance") is the opposite of overdominance.
It is the selection against the heterozygote, that leads to disruptive selection and divergent genotypes. It occurs in cases of inferior and reduced fitness (As in our case study, it is the different chromosomal fusions and inversions)
of the heterozygotic genotype to the dominant or recessive homozygotic genotype. It is unstable as it causes fixation of either allele.
Another example is the African butterfly species Pseudacraea eurytus, which makes use of Batesian mimicry to avoid predation. This species carries two alleles that gives a coloration that is alike to a different local butterfly species that is harmful to its predator. The butterflies who are heterozygous for this trait are observed to be intermediate in coloration and thus encounter an higher risk of predation and a decrease in the total fitness.
Four new haploid cells are formed once the sister chromatids within the two daughter cells separate, forming four new haploid gametes.
If the environment changes quickly and no individual members of a species are able to survive in the new environment, then the species will become extinct in that environment
The classification of organism
Natural selection ensures that animals with features that increase their chances of survival are more likely to live and pass those traits on to their progeny.
Animals adapt to their surroundings over a lengthy period of time, which causes those changes. The evolution of adaptations happens across many generations.
<h3>What is an adaptation?</h3>
- A physical or behavioral characteristic of an animal that enhances its ability to survive in its environment is known as an adaptation.
- To put it another way, an adaptation is something a species does or has on them that makes it easier for them to locate food, water, mates, and shelter.
- Among the adaptations that helped animals live and prosper on land are:
- Gas exchange using a moist membrane
- The ability to traverse land (limbs instead of fins)
- The capability of body water conservation
- The capability of reproduction and early habitability
- The capacity to endure fast environmental changes
<h3>What are the types of adaptation?</h3>
Depending on the environment, there are three basic types of adaptations: behavioral, structural, and physiological.
- Physiological- When an animal's body's internal mechanisms adapt to its surroundings.
- Structural - Over the course of millions of years of evolution, the animal's bodily features alter.
- Behavioral - Animals adjust their behavior in reaction to their environment.
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