In tracking the US economy and determining consumer spending levels an item that might be included would be Harry Potter books sold in bookstores. The other examples are costs incurred by businesses in producing goods or services, whereas the books are solely a consumer purchase.
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The Treaty's required reparations amplified the state of Europe's economy in Germany, causing hyperinflation. The French insisted on the Treaty being harsh out of fear of Germany instigating another war.
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The reason why we need a system of currency exchange in order to conduct international trade is because different countries use different types of currency. They do so because national sovereignty allows each nation to establish its own currency. However, we need a system to pay for goods that are purchased from other countries. This is why the currency exchange system allows us to conduct international trade
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