The human genome density ranges between 12-15 genes per Megabase pairs. This is because humans have approximately 2000 genes in a total of approximately 3 billion base pairs. However, some primitive organisms have an even larger gene density
than humans. An example is bacteria with gene densities ranging between 100 –
500 genes/Mb. Gene density is therefore
not a good characteristic in determining
the complexity of an organism.
Answer: Sterilization.
Explanation:
Sterilization is the process that kills, or deactivates all forms of life so then a product is considered free of viable microorganisms. This process must be designed, validated and carried out to ensure that it is capable of eliminating the microbial load of the product.
Since sterility cannot be demonstrated without causing the complete destruction of the products, <u>sterility is considered when the probability of a product being contaminated is acceptably remote.</u> A critical product is considered sterile when the probability of a microorganism being present in an active or latent form is equal to or less than 1 in 1,000,000 (sterility safety factor 10^-6).
Agents that kill microorganisms are called microbicides or more commonly called "germicides". If the agent kills bacteria, it is called a bactericide. And if it kills fungi, then it is called a fungicide. It is important to consider than <u>after an exposure of the sterilized object to the air or its surroundings, it will have become contaminated again with microorganisms.</u>
Examples of sterilization include physical methods and chemical methods. Physical methods include:
- Wet heat (in steam autoclave)
- Dry heat (in sterilization oven)
- Radiation (gamma radiatio, electron beam, X-ray, ultraviolet, microwave, white light)
Chemical methods include a variety of chemicals in liquid and vapor form, for example:
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Chlorine dioxide
- Ozone gases
- Ethylene oxide
- Propylene oxide
- Peracetic acid
Water quality testing would be the best approach.
Answer:
Explanation: 1) Individual who is bald but neither parents has a widow's peak: As having a peak is dominant and the individual is bald with parents that doesn't have the trait, the genotype is recessive, in the case ww;
2) Individual has a widow's peak: The individual's genotype can be WW, homozygous for the trait or Ww, heterozygous for the trait, depending on the genotype of the parents;
3) Individual can't roll their tongue: Being able to roll the tongue is a dominant characteristics, so if the individual can't roll their tongue means the genotype is recessive. But, there is little evidence that this trait is dominant or inheritable;
4) Individual has a widow's peak but their mother does not: In this case, the genotype of the individual is heterozygous (Ww), because the mother is recessive (ww) and the offspring has the trait, so the father must have had it;
5) If an individual does not have a widow's peak (ww), which genotype would be impossible? If this individual crosses over with another individual with the same trait, their children will be all recessive for widow's peak (ww), so there is no possibility of an offspring with the trait;
If the initial individual crosses over with an individual with widow's peak, two possiblities can occur:
- If the crossover is with an individual homozygous for the trait (WW): all their children will have widow's peak with genotype Ww. So, the possibility of not having the peak is 0;
- If the crossover is with an individual heterozygous for the trait (Ww), there will be a probability of 25% for the children to have genotype WW, a probability of 50% for the offspring to be heterozygous (Ww) and has the trait and probability of 25% to be recessive (ww) and therefore doesn't have the trait;
The correct answer is A. Decline in vision
Explanation:
The term "middle age" is used to describe the time span between 45 and around 65 in human life. During this, important changes occur in terms of senses, this age usually implies a decline in senses including pain, taste, smell, and vision. In terms of vision, it is common during middle ages people began experiencing blurring vision or weakened vision as during this age conditions such as presbyopia, glaucoma, cataracts, among others. Additionally, the decline in vision in this age is commonly related to other conditions such as diabetes, the use of medicines and also jobs that are visually demanding. Thus, in middle age, people commonly experience a decline in vision.
